{"id":11,"date":"2026-10-08T16:58:45","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T16:58:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marouane.site\/index.php\/2026\/10\/08\/verification-and-validation\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T16:58:45","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T16:58:45","slug":"verification-and-validation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marouane.site\/index.php\/2026\/10\/08\/verification-and-validation\/","title":{"rendered":"Verification and validation answer different questions."},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A model can solve its equations accurately and still represent the physical system poorly. That is why numerical checks and physical comparisons serve different purposes.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Verification: examine the calculation<\/h2><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Verification considers whether the equations and numerical procedure are implemented and solved correctly. Analytical benchmarks, manufactured solutions, and systematic discretization studies are useful tools. A converged iterative residual is one part of the evidence.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-group ms-callout ms-magenta is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Keep the question precise<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Verification examines the mathematical calculation. Validation examines how well the model represents physical observations for a specified use.<\/p><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Validation: compare with physical evidence<\/h2><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Validation requires appropriate measurements or experiments, with attention to their uncertainty, the operating conditions, and the quantities being compared. Agreement in one regime does not establish accuracy in every other regime.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Report evidence that readers can inspect<\/h2><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>State the model, boundary conditions, and numerical settings.<\/li><li>Show the comparison quantity and how it was computed.<\/li><li>Document numerical sensitivity and measurement uncertainty.<\/li><li>Describe where the model is supported and where it remains untested.<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Further reading<\/h2><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.grc.nasa.gov\/www\/wind\/valid\/tutorial\/tutorial.html\">NASA Glenn: Tutorial on CFD Verification and Validation<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Separate numerical correctness from physical agreement, and make the supporting evidence explicit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ms_course_id":0,"_ms_order":0,"_ms_minutes":5,"_ms_level":"","_ms_classification":"","_ms_evidence":"","_ms_accent":"magenta","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"ms_topic":[],"class_list":["post-11","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marouane.site\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marouane.site\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marouane.site\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marouane.site\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marouane.site\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/marouane.site\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marouane.site\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marouane.site\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marouane.site\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11"},{"taxonomy":"ms_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marouane.site\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ms_topic?post=11"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}